What is Acid Reflux?

Acid reflux occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation in the chest, commonly known as heartburn. When acid reflux becomes frequent and severe, it is called Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). If left untreated, GERD can lead to complications like esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and even esophageal cancer.

A Hiatal Hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. This weakens the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), increasing the risk of acid reflux and GERD.

Lifestyle Modifications:

Healthcare providers may use several methods to diagnose acid reflux or GERD:

  • Clinical Evaluation: Reviewing the patient's medical history and symptoms.
  • Endoscopy: A procedure where a flexible tube with a camera is inserted down the throat to examine the esophagus and stomach.
  • pH Monitoring: Measuring the acid levels in the esophagus.
  • Esophageal Manometry: Assessing the rhythmic muscle contractions of the esophagus when swallowing.

These diagnostic tools help determine the severity of acid reflux and guide appropriate treatment

GERD develops when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) weakens, allowing acid to escape from the stomach. Common causes include:

  • Obesity – Extra pressure on the stomach leads to acid reflux.
  • Hiatal Hernia – A condition where part of the stomach pushes into the chest cavity, making reflux worse.
  • Dietary Factors – Spicy, fried, or acidic foods, excessive caffeine, alcohol, and carbonated drinks trigger acid reflux.
  • Smoking – Weakens the LES and increases acid production.
  • Excessive Stress – Affects digestion and can worsen symptoms.
  • Certain Medications – NSAIDs, calcium channel blockers, and some antidepressants can contribute to GERD.
  • Frequent heartburn (burning sensation in the chest, especially after eating
  • Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
  • Difficulty swallowing (Dysphagia)
  • Chronic cough, sore throat, or hoarseness
  • Sensation of a lump in the throat
  • Worsening symptoms at night or after lying down
  • Bloating, belching, or nausea
  • Chest pain or discomfort
  • Shortness of breath (in large hiatal hernias)
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