What is Fissure in Ano?

A fissure in ano, commonly known as an anal fissure, is a small tear or cut in the lining of the anus. It can cause severe pain, bleeding, and discomfort while passing stools. If left untreated, it can become chronic, leading to repeated episodes of pain and difficulty in healing.

Anal fissures are commonly caused by trauma to the anal canal. Some common reasons include:

  • Chronic Constipation – Straining during bowel movements can cause tears.
  • Hard or Large Stools – Passing hard stools can injure the anal lining.
  • Diarrhea – Frequent loose stools can irritate the anal area.
  • Pregnancy & Childbirth – Increased pressure and strain during delivery can lead to fissures.
  • Low-Fiber Diet – Insufficient fiber intake can cause constipation, increasing the risk.
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) – Conditions like Crohn’s disease can contribute to fissures.

Patients may experience symptoms related to both fissures and fistulas, including:

  • Sharp pain during and after bowel movements (fissure).
  • Chronic discomfort or throbbing pain around the anus.
  • Pus or blood discharge from an opening near the anus (fistula).
  • Itching and irritation around the anal region.
  • Swelling or lump near the anus, often associated with an abscess.
  • Fever and fatigue in severe cases of infection.

If left untreated, the condition can worsen, leading to severe infections and complications.

A doctor may use the following diagnostic methods:

  • Physical Examination – Checking for visible fissures, fistula openings, or signs of infection.
  • Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) – A gloved finger is used to feel abnormalities inside the rectum.
  • Proctoscopy or Anoscopy – A small tube with a light helps visualize internal fissures or fistulas.
  • MRI Fistulogram – Provides detailed imaging of complex fistula tracts.
  • Ultrasound or CT Scan – Helps detect deep or hidden fistulas.

Early diagnosis is essential to prevent worsening symptoms and complications.

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