What is Piles (Hemorrhoids)?

Piles, also known as hemorrhoids, are swollen veins in the rectum or anus that cause discomfort, itching, pain, and sometimes bleeding. They can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (around the anal opening).

Piles develop due to increased pressure on the veins in the rectal area. Common causes include:

  • Chronic constipation or diarrhea
  • Straining during bowel movements
  • Sitting for long periods, especially on the toilet
  • Obesity and lack of physical activity
  • Pregnancy, due to increased pressure on pelvic veins
  • Low-fiber diet, leading to hard stools
  • Aging, as the tissues supporting veins weaken over time

The symptoms of piles depend on their type and severity. Common signs include:

  • Bright red bleeding during or after bowel movements
  • Itching, irritation, or discomfort around the anus
  • Swelling or lumps near the anal region
  • Pain or discomfort, especially while sitting or passing stools
  • Mucus discharge from the anus

If symptoms persist or worsen, consulting a doctor is recommended to prevent complications.

Doctors diagnose piles through:

  • Physical Examination – A visual inspection for external hemorrhoids.
  • Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) – The doctor inserts a gloved finger to check for internal hemorrhoids.
  • Proctoscopy or Anoscopy – A small tube with a light is used to examine internal hemorrhoids.
  • Colonoscopy or Sigmoidoscopy – Recommended in cases of rectal bleeding to rule out other conditions like colorectal cancer.
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